Article 1 - Subject matter and scope - Regulation (EU) 2025/133

1. This Regulation lays down detailed rules for air operations with aeroplanes and rotorcraft, including ramp inspections of aircraft of operators under the safety oversight of another State when landed at aerodromes located in the territory subject to the provisions of the Treaties.
1. 1a. This Regulation lays down detailed rules for innovative air mobility operations in accordance with visual flight rules by day conducted with the surface in sight with single pilot manned aircraft with a vertical take-off and landing capability referred to in points (b)(i) and (ii) of Article 2(1) of Regulation (EU) 2018/1139.
2. This Regulation also lays down detailed rules on the conditions for issuing, maintaining, amending, limiting, suspending or revoking the certificates of operators of aircraft referred to in points (b)(i) and (ii) of Article 2(1) of Regulation (EU) 2018/1139, except for balloons and sailplanes, engaged in commercial air transport operation, the privileges and responsibilities of the holders of certificates as well as conditions under which operations shall be prohibited, limited or subject to certain conditions in the interest of safety.
3. This Regulation also lays down detailed rules on the conditions and procedures for the declaration by operators engaged in commercial specialised operations of aeroplanes and helicopters or in non-commercial operation of complex motor-powered aircraft, including non-commercial specialised operations of complex motor-powered aircraft, of their capability and the availability of the means to discharge the responsibilities associated with the operation of aircraft, and for the oversight of such operators.
4. This Regulation also lays down detailed rules on the conditions under which certain high risk commercial specialised operations shall be subject to authorisation in the interest of safety, and on the conditions for issuing, maintaining, amending, limiting, suspending or revoking the authorisations.
5. This Regulation shall not apply to air operations within the scope of Article 1(2)(a) of Regulation (EC) No 216/2008.
6. This Regulation shall not apply to air operations with airships.
7. This Regulation shall not apply to air operations with balloons and sailplanes. However, in respect of such air operations with balloons, other than tethered gas balloons, and sailplanes, the requirements in respect of oversight of Article 3 shall apply.
8. This Regulation shall not apply to the following operations conducted with gyroplanes:
   1. commercial operations, except for those operations specified in Article 6(4a);
   2. operations conducted under instrument flight rules.