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AIROPS - ARTICLES

Article 2 - Definitions - Regulation (EU) 2025/133

For the purposes of this Regulation:

  • (1) 'aeroplane' means an engine-driven fixed-wing aircraft heavier than air that is supported in flight by the dynamic reaction of the air against its wings;
  • (1a) 'rotorcraft' means a power-driven, heavier-than-air aircraft that depends principally for its support in flight on the lift generated by up to two rotors;
  • (1aa) 'helicopter' means a type of rotorcraft supported in flight chiefly by the reactions of the air on up to two power-driven rotors on substantially vertical axes;
  • (1b) 'balloon' means a manned lighter-than-air aircraft which is not power-driven and sustains flight through the use of either a lighter-than-air gas or an airborne heater, including gas balloons, hot-air balloons, mixed balloons and, although power-driven, hot-air airships;
  • (1c) 'sailplane' means a heavier-than-air aircraft that is supported in flight by the dynamic reaction of the air against its fixed lifting surfaces, the free flight of which does not depend on an engine;
  • (1d) 'commercial operation' means any operation of an aircraft, in return for remuneration or other valuable consideration, which is available for the public or, when not made available to the public, which is performed under a contract between an operator and a customer, where the latter has no control over the operator;
  • (1e) 'tethered gas balloon' means a gas balloon with a tether system that continuously anchors the balloon to a fixed point during operation;
  • (2) 'performance class B aeroplanes' means aeroplanes powered by propeller engines with a maximum operational passenger seating configuration of nine or less and a maximum take-off mass of 5 700 kg or less;
  • (3) 'public interest site (PIS)' means a site used exclusively for operations in the public interest;
  • (4) 'operation in performance class 1' means an operation that, in the event of failure of the critical engine, the helicopter is able to land within the rejected take-off distance available or safely continue the flight to an appropriate landing area, depending on when the failure occurs;
  • (5) 'performance-based navigation (PBN)' means area navigation based on performance requirements for aircraft operating along an ATS route, on an instrument approach procedure or in a designated airspace;
  • (6) 'air taxi operation' means, for the purpose of flight time and duty time limitations, a non-scheduled on demand commercial air transport operation with an aeroplane with a maximum operational passenger seating configuration ('MOPSC') of 19 or less;
  • (7) 'specialised operation' means any operation, other than commercial air transport operation, where the aircraft is used for specialised activities such as agriculture, construction, photography, surveying, observation and patrol, aerial advertisement, maintenance check flights;
  • (8) 'high risk commercial specialised operation' means any commercial specialised aircraft operation carried out over an area where the safety of third parties on the ground is likely to be endangered in the event of an emergency, or, as determined by the competent authority of the place where the operation is conducted, any commercial specialised aircraft operation that, due to its specific nature and the local environment in which it is conducted, poses a high risk, in particular to third parties on the ground;
  • (9) 'introductory flight' means any operation against remuneration or other valuable consideration consisting of an air tour of short duration for the purpose of attracting new trainees or new members, performed either by a training organisation referred to in Article 10a of Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 or by an organisation created with the aim of promoting aerial sport or leisure aviation;
  • (10) 'competition flight' means any flying activity where the aircraft is used in air races or contests, as well as where the aircraft is used to practice for air races or contests and to fly to and from racing or contest events;
  • (11) 'flying display' means any flying activity deliberately performed for the purpose of providing an exhibition or entertainment at an advertised event open to the public, including where the aircraft is used to practice for a flying display and to fly to and from the advertised event.
  • (12) 'innovative air mobility (IAM) operations' means any operation with vertical take-off and landing (VTOL)-capable aircraft in congested and non-congested areas;
  • (13) 'vertical take-off and landing (VTOL)-capable aircraft' (VCA) means a power-driven, heavier-than-air aircraft other than aeroplane or rotorcraft, capable of performing vertical take-off and landing by means of lift and thrust units used to provide lift during the take-off and landing;
  • (14) 'VEMS flight' means a flight with a VCA that operates under a VEMS approval, where immediate and rapid transportation is essential and the purpose of which is either to:
    1. facilitate emergency medical assistance by carrying one or more of the following:
      1. medical personnel;
      2. medical supplies (equipment, blood, organs, drugs);
      3. ill or injured persons and other persons directly involved,
      or
    2. perform any operation where a person is at imminent or anticipated health risk from the environment and either:
      1. needs to be rescued or provided with supplies; or
      2. persons, animals or equipment need to be transported to/from the VEMS operating site.
  • (15) 'gyroplane' means a type of rotorcraft supported in flight by the reactions of the air on up to two rotors which rotate freely on substantially vertical axes.

Additional definitions are laid down in Annex I for the purposes of Annexes II to VIII.

GM1 Article 2(1)(d) Definitions - ED Decision 2019/019/R

NON-COMMERCIAL OPERATIONS — EXAMPLES

The following examples of operations are not covered by the definition of commercial operations or by that of specialised operations. They are identified as non-commercial operations. Some of these flights are listed by an AOC holder in its operations manual Part-A, ch. 8.7 as non-commercial operations and covered by the provisions of ORO.AOC.125. Some of these operations are performed on an irregular basis.

The operations listed below are performed with aircraft having a certificate of airworthiness or a permit to fly and being already listed on an AOC or on a declaration. They are grouped by the purpose of the flight.

Demonstration flights

  1. A flight performed with the purpose of demonstrating:
    1. an aircraft's handling, performance and functionalities to buyers or lessees;
    2. an aircraft's flying characteristics or the operational procedures to the competent authority, for verification of compliance with the operational requirements, as per ARO.GEN.310(a).
    Other terms used: (route) proving flight; operational evaluation flight.
  2. Flight at the end of lease or upon transfer of ownership: a flight performed at the request of the operator to verify compliance of the aircraft with the contractual specifications of the lessee/lessor or buyer. Other term used: acceptance flight.
  3. 'Public relations (PR) flight': a flight carrying official or media representatives as non-paying passengers. The PR flight is performed in the interest of the operator's own business.

Maintenance check flights

  1. Maintenance check flight (MCF). The definition of an MCF is provided in Annex I to Regulation (EU) No 965/2012. The provisions on MCF are developed in Annex VII (Part-NCO), Subpart E Section 6 and Annex VIII (Part-SPO), Subpart E Section 5.

Ferry flights – flights changing the location of the aircraft

  1. The aircraft is moved to and from a maintenance base. The aircraft may be operated under the permit-to-fly conditions.
  2. The aircraft is moved from one location to another. Other term used: delivery flight.
  3. The aircraft and its aircrew are positioned to an aerodrome from which a further commercial air transport (CAT) operation will be performed. Other term used: positioning flight.
  4. The aircraft is moved from its current location to a secure location for various reasons. Other term used: recovery flight.

Training flights

  1. A flight for instructional purposes for the operator's own flight crew. Operator training and checking flight: a flight performed by the operator with the purpose of training, checking and/or familiarising a flight crew member with the operator's procedures linked to the aircraft being operated.

Other non-commercial flights

  1. 'Corporate flight': a flight conducted for business purposes. Other terms used: business flight, private flight.
  2. 'Leisure flight': a flight operated by an operator for personal or recreational purposes. Other term used: private flight.
  3. Managed flight: a flight operated by an operator for the business purposes of the aircraft owner, with no remuneration or other valuable consideration involved.

Charity flights, humanitarian flights

  1. 'Charity flight': a flight performed for the benefit of a registered charity organisation, carrying persons and/or goods.
  2. 'Humanitarian flight': a flight with the purpose of carrying relief personnel and/or life-saving supplies during or after an emergency or a natural disaster, or to evacuate persons from an endangered area.

GM1 Article 2(14) Definitions - ED Decision 2025/010/R

VEMS FLIGHT

  1. A VEMS flight, also referred to as 'VEMS mission', normally starts and ends at the VEMS operating base following tasking by the 'VEMS dispatch centre'. Tasking can also occur when the VCA is either airborne or on the ground at locations other than the VEMS operating base.
  2. The following elements are considered integral parts of the VEMS mission:
    1. flights to/from a VEMS operating site when initiated by the VEMS dispatch centre;
    2. flights to/from a vertiport/VEMS operating site for the delivery or pick-up of medical supplies and/or persons required for the completion of the VEMS mission;
    3. flights to/from a vertiport/VEMS operating site for refuelling or battery recharging as required for the completion of the VEMS mission.
  3. The VEMS dispatch centre is a location where, if established, the coordination and tasking of VEMS missions takes place.