SUBPART H – CLASS AND TYPE RATING ( Easy Access )

TABLE OF CONTENT

• SECTION 1 – COMMON REQUIREMENTS
• SECTION 2 – SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AEROPLANE CATEGORY
• SECTION 3 – SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR THE HELICOPTER CATEGORY
• SECTION 4 – SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR THE POWERED-LIFT AIRCRAFT CATEGORY
• SECTION 5 – SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AIRSHIP CATEGORY

SECTION 1 – COMMON REQUIREMENTS

FCL.700 Circumstances in which class or type ratings are required - Regulation (EU) 2020/359

1. Holders of a pilot licence shall act as pilots of an aircraft only if they have a valid and appropriate class or type rating, unless any of the following applies:
   1. if exercising the privileges of an LAPL;
   2. if they take skill tests or proficiency checks for renewal of class or type ratings;
   3. if they receive flight instruction;
   4. if they hold a flight test rating issued in accordance with point FCL.820.
2. Notwithstanding (a), in the case of flights related to the introduction or modification of aircraft types, pilots may hold a special certificate given by the competent authority, authorising them to perform the flights. This authorisation shall have its validity limited to the specific flights.

FCL.705 Privileges of the holder of a class or type rating - Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011

The privileges of the holder of a class or type rating are to act as pilot on the class or type of aircraft specified in the rating.

FCL.710 Class and type ratings – variants - Regulation (EU) 2019/1747

1. Pilots shall complete differences training or familiarisation in order to extend their privileges to another variant of aircraft within one class or type rating. In the case of variants within a class or type rating, the differences training or familiarisation shall include the relevant elements defined in the OSD, where applicable.
2. The differences training shall be conducted at any of the following:
   1. an ATO;
   2. a DTO in the case of aircraft referred to in points (a)(1)(c) and (a)(2)(c) of point DTO.GEN.110 of Annex VIII;
   3. an AOC holder having an approved differences training programme for the relevant class or type.
3. Notwithstanding the requirement in point (b), differences training for TMG, single-engine piston (SEP), single- engine turbine (SET) and multi-engine piston (MEP) aeroplanes may be conducted by an appropriately qualified instructor unless otherwise provided in the OSD.
4. If pilots have not flown the variant within 2 years following the training listed in point (b), a further differences training or a proficiency check in that variant shall be completed, except for types or variants within the SEP and TMG class ratings.
5. The differences training or the proficiency check in that variant shall be entered in the pilots’ logbook or equivalent record and signed by the instructor or examiner as appropriate.

FCL.725 Requirements for the issue of class and type ratings - Regulation (EU) 2021/2227

1. Training course. An applicant for a class or type rating shall complete a training course at an ATO. An applicant for a non-high-performance single-engine piston class rating, a TMG class rating or a single-engine type rating for helicopters referred to in point DTO.GEN.110(a)(2)(c) of Annex VIII (Part-DTO) may complete the training course at a DTO. The type rating training course shall include the mandatory training elements for the relevant type as defined in the operational suitability data established in accordance with Annex I (Part-21) to Commission Regulation (EU) No 748/2012.
2. Theoretical knowledge examination. The applicant for a class or type rating shall pass a theoretical knowledge examination organised by the ATO to demonstrate the level of theoretical knowledge required for the safe operation of the applicable aircraft class or type.
   1. For multi-pilot aircraft, the theoretical knowledge examination shall be written and comprise at least 100 multiple-choice questions distributed appropriately across the main subjects of the syllabus.
   2. For single-pilot multi-engine aircraft, the theoretical knowledge examination shall be written and the number of multiple-choice questions shall depend on the complexity of the aircraft.
   3. For single-engine aircraft, the theoretical knowledge examination shall be conducted verbally by the examiner during the skill test to determine whether or not a satisfactory level of knowledge has been achieved.
   4. For single-pilot aeroplanes that are classified as high performance aeroplanes, the examination shall be written and comprise at least 100 multiple-choice questions distributed appropriately across the subjects of the syllabus.
   5. For single-pilot single-engine and single-pilot multi-engine aeroplanes (sea), the examination shall be in a written form and shall comprise at least 30 multiple-choice questions.
3. Skill test. An applicant for a class or type rating shall pass a skill test in accordance with Appendix 9 to this Part to demonstrate the skill required for the safe operation of the applicable class or type of aircraft.
   The applicant shall pass the skill test within a period of 6 months after commencement of the class or type rating training course and within a period of 6 months preceding the application for the issue of the class or type rating.
4. Single-pilot and multi-pilot operation
   1. A pilot who already holds a type rating for an aircraft type, with the privilege for either single-pilot or multi-pilot operations, shall be considered to have already fulfilled the theoretical requirements when applying to add the privilege for the other form of operation on the same aircraft type.
   2. Such a pilot shall complete additional flight training for the other form of operation in the relevant type in accordance with Appendix 9 to this Annex, unless specified otherwise in the operational suitability data established in accordance with Annex I (Part 21) to Commission Regulation (EU) No 748/2012. This training shall be completed at either of the following:
      1. an ATO;
      2. an organisation to which Annex III (Part-ORO) to Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 applies and that is entitled to provide such training on the basis of either an approval or, in the case of single-pilot helicopters, a declaration.
   3. Except for single-pilot helicopters, the form of operation shall be entered in the licence.
   4. In the case of single-pilot helicopters, all of the following shall apply:
      1. In the case where a skill test or a proficiency check for a non-complex single-pilot helicopter type rating was completed in multi-pilot operations only, a restriction to multi-pilot operation shall be endorsed with the type rating in the licence. This endorsement shall be removed when the applicant completes a proficiency check that included the necessary elements for single-pilot operation as specified in Appendix 9 to this Annex.
      2. In all other cases, the form of operation shall not be entered in the licence. The pilot is entitled to exercise the privileges of the type rating:
         1. in single-pilot operation, provided that the skill test or proficiency check either:
            1. was completed in single-pilot operation; or
            2. was completed in multi-pilot operation and contained additional elements for single-pilot operation, as specified in Appendix 9 to this Annex.
         2. in multi-pilot operation under all of the following conditions:
            1. the pilot complies with point FCL.720.H(a)(2);
            2. the privileges are exercised in accordance with Annex III (Part-ORO) to Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 only;
            3. the skill test or proficiency check was completed in multi-pilot operation.
5. Notwithstanding the paragraphs above, pilots holding a flight test rating issued in accordance with FCL.820 who were involved in development, certification or production flight tests for an aircraft type, and have completed either 50 hours of total flight time or 10 hours of flight time as PIC on test flights in that type, shall be entitled to apply for the issue of the relevant type rating, provided that they comply with the experience requirements and the prerequisites for the issue of that type rating, as established in this Subpart for the relevant aircraft category.
6. Applicants for a class rating for TMGs who also hold an SPL in accordance with Annex III (Part-SFCL) to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1976, including the privileges to fly on TMGs, shall receive full credits towards the requirements in paragraphs (a), (b) and (c).

FCL.740 Validity and renewal of class and type ratings - Regulation (EU) 2020/2193

1. Validity
   1. The validity period of class and type ratings shall be 1 year, except for single-pilot single-engine class ratings for which the validity period shall be 2 years, unless otherwise determined in the OSD. If pilots choose to fulfil the revalidation requirements earlier than prescribed in points FCL.740.A, FCL.740.H, FCL.740.PL and FCL.740.As, the new validity period shall commence from the date of the proficiency check.
   2. Applicants for the revalidation of a class or type rating shall receive full credits for the proficiency check as required in this Subpart when they complete EBT practical assessment in accordance with Appendix 10 at an operator that has implemented EBT for the relevant class or type rating.
2. Renewal
   For the renewal of a class or type rating, applicants shall comply with all of the following:
   1. in order to determine whether refresher training is necessary for the applicant to reach the level of proficiency to safely operate the aircraft, they shall undergo an assessment at one of the following:
      1. at an ATO;
      2. at a DTO or at an ATO, if the expired rating concerned a non-high-performance single-engine piston class rating, a TMG class rating or a single-engine type rating for helicopters referred to in point DTO.GEN.110(a)(2)(c) of Annex VIII;
      3. at a DTO, at an ATO or with an instructor, if the rating expired no more than 3 years ago and the rating concerned a non-high-performance single-engine piston class rating or a TMG class rating;
      4. at an EBT operator that is specifically approved for such refresher training;
   2. if deemed necessary by the organisation or the instructor providing the assessment as per point (1), they shall complete refresher training at that organisation or with that instructor;
   3. after complying with point (1) and, as applicable, point (2), they shall pass a proficiency check in accordance with Appendix 9 or complete EBT practical assessment in accordance with Appendix 10. That EBT practical assessment may be combined with the refresher training specified in point (2).
      By way of derogation from points (b)(1), (b)(2) and (b)(3), pilots holding a flight test rating issued in accordance with point FCL.820 who were involved in the development, certification or production flight tests for an aircraft type and have completed either 50 hours of total flight time or 10 hours of flight time as PIC in test flights in that type during the year prior to the date of their application, shall be entitled to apply for the revalidation or renewal of the relevant type rating.
      Applicants shall be exempted from the requirement in points (b)(1) and (b)(2) if they hold a valid rating for the same class or type of aircraft on a pilot licence issued by a third country in accordance with Annex 1 to the Chicago Convention and if they are entitled to exercise the privileges of that rating.
3. Pilots who leave an operator’s EBT programme after having failed to demonstrate an acceptable level of competence in accordance with that EBT programme shall not exercise the privileges of that type rating until they have complied with one of the following:
   1. they have completed EBT practical assessment in accordance with Appendix 10;
   2. they have passed a proficiency check in accordance with point FCL.625(c)(3) or point FCL.740(b)(3), as applicable. In such a case, point FCL.625(b)(4) and point FCL.740(a)(2) shall not apply.’;

SECTION 2 – SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AEROPLANE CATEGORY

FCL.720.A Experience requirements and prerequisites for the issue of class or type ratings – aeroplanes - Regulation (EU) 2020/2193

Unless otherwise determined in the operational suitability data established in accordance with Annex I (Part-21) to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012 (OSD), applicants for the issue of a class or type rating shall comply with the following experience requirements and prerequisites for the issue of the relevant rating:

(a) Single-pilot aeroplanes

Applicants for the initial issue of privileges to operate a single-pilot aeroplane in multi-pilot operations, either when applying for the issue of a class or type rating or when extending the privileges of a class or type rating already held to multi-pilot operation, shall meet the requirements in point (b)(4) and, before starting the relevant training course, point (b)(5).

Additionally, for:

1. Single-pilot multi-engine aeroplanes
   Applicants for the issue of a first class or type rating on a single-pilot multi-engine aeroplane shall have completed at least 70 hours as PIC in aeroplanes.
2. Single-pilot high-performance non-complex aeroplanes
   Before starting flight training, applicants for the issue of a class or type rating for a single-pilot aeroplane classified as a high-performance aeroplane shall:
   1. have at least 200 hours of total flying experience, of which 70 hours as PIC in aeroplanes; and
   2. comply with one of the following requirements:
      1. hold a certificate of satisfactory completion of a course for additional theoretical knowledge undertaken at an ATO; or
      2. have passed the ATPL(A) theoretical knowledge examinations in accordance with this Annex (Part-FCL); or
      3. hold, in addition to a licence issued in accordance with this Annex (Part-FCL), an ATPL(A) or CPL(A)/IR with theoretical knowledge credit for ATPL(A), issued in accordance with Annex 1 to the Chicago Convention.
3. Single-pilot high-performance complex aeroplanes
   Applicants for the issue of a type rating for a complex single-pilot aeroplane classified as a high-performance aeroplane shall, in addition to meeting the requirements in point (2), comply with all of the following:
   1. they shall hold or have held a single- or multi-engine IR(A), as appropriate and as established in Subpart G;
   2. for the issue of the first type rating, they shall, before starting the type rating training course, meet the requirements in point (b)(5).

(b) Multi-pilot aeroplanes

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FCL.725.A Theoretical knowledge and flight instruction for the issue of class and type ratings – aeroplanes - Regulation (EU) 2018/1974

Concerned :

• single-pilot multi-engine aeroplanes
• single-pilot aeroplanes (sea

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FCL.730.A Specific requirements for pilots undertaking a zero flight time type rating (ZFTT) course – aeroplanes - Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011

1. A pilot undertaking instruction at a ZFTT course shall have completed, on a multi-pilot turbo-jet aeroplane certificated to the standards of CS-25 or equivalent airworthiness code or on a multi-pilot turbo-prop aeroplane having a maximum certificated take-off mass of not less than 10 tonnes or a certificated passenger seating configuration of more than 19 passengers, at least:
   1. if an FFS qualified to level CG, C or interim C is used during the course, 1 500 hours flight time or 250 route sectors;
   2. if an FFS qualified to level DG or D is used during the course, 500 hours flight time or 100 route sectors.
2. When a pilot is changing from a turbo-prop to a turbo-jet aeroplane or from a turbo-jet to a turbo-prop aeroplane, additional simulator training shall be required.

FCL.735.A Multi-crew cooperation training course – aeroplanes - Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011

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FCL.740.A Revalidation of class and type ratings – aeroplanes - Regulation (EU) 2020/2193

1. Revalidation of multi-engine class ratings and type ratings. For revalidation of multi-engine class ratings and type ratings, the applicant shall:
   1. pass a proficiency check in accordance with Appendix 9 or complete EBT practical assessment in accordance with Appendix 10 in the relevant class or type of aeroplane or an FSTD representing that class or type, within the 3 months immediately preceding the expiry date of the rating; and
   2. complete during the period of validity of the rating, at least:
      1. 10 route sectors as pilot of the relevant class or type of aeroplane; or
      2. 1 route sector as pilot of the relevant class or type of aeroplane or FFS, flown with an examiner. This route sector may be flown during the proficiency check.
   3. A pilot working for a commercial air transport operator approved in accordance with the applicable air operations requirements who has passed the operators proficiency check combined with the proficiency check for the revalidation of the class or type rating shall be exempted from complying with the requirement in (2).
   4. The revalidation of a BIR or an IR(A), if held, may be combined with a proficiency check for the revalidation of a class or type rating.
2. Revalidation of single-pilot single-engine class ratings..
   1. Single-engine piston aeroplane class ratings and TMG class ratings. For the revalidation of single-pilot single- engine piston aeroplane class ratings or TMG class ratings, the applicants shall:
      1. within the 3 months preceding the expiry date of the rating, pass a proficiency check in the relevant class in accordance with Appendix 9 to this Part with an examiner; or
      2. within the 12 months preceding the expiry date of the rating, complete 12 hours of flight time in the relevant class, including:
         • 6 hours as PIC,
         • 12 take-offs and 12 landings, and
         • refresher training of at least 1 hour of total flight time with a flight instructor (FI) or a class rating instructor (CRI). Applicants shall be exempted from this refresher training if they have passed a class or type rating proficiency check, skill test or assessment of competence in any other class or type of aeroplane.
   2. When applicants hold both a single-engine piston aeroplane-land class rating and a TMG rating, they may complete the requirements of (1) in either class or a combination thereof, and achieve revalidation of both ratings.
   3. Single-pilot single-engine turbo-prop aeroplanes. For revalidation of single-engine turbo-prop class ratings applicants shall pass a proficiency check on the relevant class in accordance with Appendix 9 to this Part with an examiner, within the 3 months preceding the expiry date of the rating.
   4. When applicants hold both a single-engine piston aeroplane-land class rating and a single-engine piston aeroplane-sea class rating, they may complete the requirements of (1)(ii) in either class or a combination thereof, and achieve the fulfilment of these requirements for both ratings. At least 1 hour of required PIC time and 6 of the required 12 take-offs and landings shall be completed in each class.
   5. The proficiency check for the revalidation of a single-pilot single-engine aeroplane class rating may be combined with the proficiency check for the revalidation of a BIR, in accordance with point FCL.835(g)(8).
3. Applicants who fail to achieve a pass in all sections of a proficiency check before the expiry date of a class or type rating shall not exercise the privileges of that rating until a pass in the proficiency check has been achieved.

FCL.745.A Advanced UPRT course – aeroplanes - Regulation (EU) 2018/1974

Note : UPRT = Upset Prevention and Recovery Training.

1. The advanced UPRT course shall be completed at an ATO and shall comprise at least:
   1. 5 hours of theoretical knowledge instruction;
   2. preflight briefings and postflight debriefings; and
   3. 3 hours of dual flight instruction with a flight instructor for aeroplanes FI(A) qualified in accordance with point FCL.915(e) and consisting of advanced UPRT in an aeroplane qualified for the training task.
2. Upon completion of the UPRT course, applicants shall be issued with a certificate of completion by the ATO.

SECTION 3 – SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR THE HELICOPTER CATEGORY

FCL.720.H Experience requirements and prerequisites for the issue of type ratings – helicopters - Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011

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SECTION 4 – SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR THE POWERED-LIFT AIRCRAFT CATEGORY

FCL.720.PL Experience requirements and prerequisites for the issue of type ratings – powered-lift aircraft - Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011

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SECTION 5 – SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AIRSHIP CATEGORY

FCL.720.As Prerequisites for the issue of type ratings – airships - Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011

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