Appendices to Annex I ( Easy Access )

TABLE OF CONTENT

• Appendix 1 – Crediting of theoretical knowledge
• Appendix 2 – Language Proficiency Rating Scale – Expert, extended and operational level
• Appendix 3 – Training courses for the issue of a CPL and an ATPL
• Appendix 4 – Skill test for the issue of a CPL
• Appendix 5 – Integrated MPL training course
• Appendix 6 – Modular training courses for the IR
• Appendix 7 – IR Skill test
• Appendix 8 – Cross-crediting of the IR part of a class or type rating proficiency check
• Appendix 9 Training, skill test and proficiency check for MPL, ATPL, type and class ratings, and proficiency check for IRs
• Appendix 10 – Revalidation and renewal of type ratings, and revalidation and renewal of IRs when combined with the revalidation or renewal of type ratings – EBT practical assessment

Appendix 1 – Crediting of theoretical knowledge - Regulation (EU) 2025/134

CREDITING OF THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE IN THE SAME OR ANOTHER CATEGORY OF AIRCRAFT – BRIDGE INSTRUCTION AND EXAMINATION REQUIREMENTS

1. LAPL, PPL and GPL
   1. For the issue of an LAPL, the holder of an LAPL in another category of aircraft shall be fully credited towards requirements of theoretical knowledge on the common subjects established in point FCL.120(a).
   2. For the issue of an LAPL or a PPL, holders of a PPL, CPL or ATPL in another category of aircraft shall be credited towards requirements of theoretical knowledge on the common subjects established in point FCL.215(a). This credit shall also apply to applicants for an LAPL or a PPL who hold a BPL issued in accordance with Annex III (Part-BFCL) to Commission Regulation (EU) 2018/395 or an SPL issued in accordance with Annex III (Part-SFCL) to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1976, except that the subject ‘navigation’ shall not be credited.
   3. For the issue of a PPL, the holder of an LAPL in the same category of aircraft shall be fully credited towards the requirements of theoretical knowledge instruction and examination. That credit shall also apply to applicants for a PPL who have already successfully completed the theoretical knowledge examination for the LAPL in the same aircraft category, as long as it is within the validity period specified in point FCL.025(c).
   4. By way of derogation from paragraph 1.2, for the issue of an LAPL(A), the holder of an SPL issued in accordance with Annex III (Part-SFCL) to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1976 with privileges to fly TMGs shall demonstrate an adequate level of theoretical knowledge for the single-engine piston aeroplane- land class in accordance with point FCL.135.A(a)(2).
   5. For the issue of a GPL, the holder of a pilot licence for aeroplanes or helicopters in accordance with this Regulation shall be credited in full towards the theoretical knowledge instruction and examination requirements in the following subjects:
      1. Air law and ATC procedures;
      2. Human performance;
      3. Meteorology;
      4. Communications;
      5. Navigation.
2. CPL
   1. Applicants for the issue of a CPL holding a CPL in another category of aircraft shall have received theoretical knowledge bridge instruction at an ATO on an approved course according to the differences identified between the CPL syllabi for different aircraft categories.
   2. Applicants shall pass theoretical knowledge examinations as defined in this Annex (Part-FCL) for the following subjects in the appropriate aircraft category:
      • 021 – Aircraft general knowledge: airframe and systems, electrics, power plant and emergency equipment;
      • 022 – Aircraft general knowledge: instrumentation;
      • 032/034 – Performance aeroplanes or helicopters, as applicable;
      • 070 – Operational procedures; and
      • 081/082 – Principles of flight for aeroplanes or helicopters, as applicable.
   3. Applicants for the issue of a CPL having passed the relevant theoretical knowledge examinations for an IR in the same category of aircraft are credited towards the theoretical knowledge requirements in human performance and meteorology unless they have completed the IR training course in accordance with Appendix 6, Section Aa, to this Annex (Part-FCL).
   4. Applicants for a CPL having passed the relevant theoretical knowledge examinations for an IR in the same category of aircraft are credited towards the theoretical knowledge requirements in the communications subject.
3. ATPL
   1. Applicants for the issue of an ATPL holding an ATPL in another category of aircraft shall have received theoretical knowledge bridge instruction at an ATO on an approved course according to the differences identified between the ATPL syllabi for different aircraft categories.
   2. Applicants shall pass theoretical knowledge examinations as defined in this Annex (Part-FCL) for the following subjects in the appropriate aircraft category:
      • 021 – Aircraft general knowledge: airframe and systems, electrics, power plant and emergency equipment;
      • 022 – Aircraft general knowledge: instrumentation;
      • 032/034 – Performance aeroplanes or helicopters, as applicable;
      • 070 – Operational procedures; and
      • 081/082 – Principles of flight for aeroplanes or helicopters, as applicable.
   3. Applicants for the issue of an ATPL(A) having passed the relevant theoretical examination for a CPL(A) are credited towards the theoretical knowledge requirements in the subject ‘communications’.
   4. Applicants for the issue of an ATPL(H) having passed the relevant theoretical examinations for a CPL(H) are credited towards the theoretical knowledge requirements in the following subjects:
      • air law;
      • principles of flight (helicopter); and
      • communications.
   5. Applicants for the issue of an ATPL(A) having passed the relevant theoretical examination for an IR(A) are credited towards the theoretical knowledge requirements in the subject ‘communications’.
   6. Applicants for the issue of an ATPL(H) with an IR(H) having passed the relevant theoretical examinations for a CPL(H) are credited towards the theoretical knowledge requirements in the following subjects:
      • principles of flight (helicopter); and
      • communications.
4. IR
   1. Applicants for an IR, or for a BIR, having passed the relevant theoretical examinations for a CPL in the same aircraft category are credited towards the theoretical knowledge requirements in the following subjects:
      • Human performance;
      • Meteorology; and
      • Communication.
   2. Applicants for the issue of an IR(H) having passed the relevant theoretical examinations for an ATPL(H) VFR are required to pass the following examination subjects:
      • air law;
      • flight planning and flight monitoring; and
      • radio navigation.

Appendix 2 – Language Proficiency Rating Scale – Expert, extended and operational level - Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011

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Appendix 3 – Training courses for the issue of a CPL and an ATPL - Regulation (EU) 2021/2227

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Appendix 4 – Skill test for the issue of a CPL - Regulation (EU) 2024/2076

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Appendix 5 – Integrated MPL training course - Regulation (EU) 2018/1974

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Appendix 6 – Modular training courses for the IR - Regulation (EU) 2021/2227

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Appendix 7 – IR Skill test - Regulation (EU) 2020/359

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Appendix 8 – Cross-crediting of the IR part of a class or type rating proficiency check - Regulation (EU) 2024/2076

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Appendix 9 – Training, skill test and proficiency check for the MPL, and the ATPL, and for type and class ratings, and proficiency checks for the BIR and the IR - Regulation (EU) 2024/2076

A. General

1. Applicants for a skill test shall have received instruction in the same class or type of aircraft to be used in the test.

   1a. Training in FFS in accordance with points 1b and 1c of this Section shall be complemented with take-off and landing training in a single-pilot aircraft operated in single-pilot or multi-pilot operations, or in a multi-pilot aircraft, as applicable, in accordance with point 17 of this Section, unless the training is completed in accordance with point FCL.730.A or constitutes training for cruise relief co-pilots in accordance with Section B, point 6(i), of this Appendix.

   1b. The training for MPA and PL type ratings shall be conducted in an FFS or in a combination of FSTD(s) and FFS. The skill test or proficiency check for MPA and PL type ratings and the issue of an ATPL and an MPL, shall be conducted in an FFS, if available.

   1c. The training, skill test or proficiency check for class or type ratings for SPA and helicopters shall be conducted in either of the following:

   1. an available and accessible FFS, or in a combination of such FFS and FSTD(s);
   2. a combination of FSTD(s) and the aircraft if an FFS is not available or accessible;
   3. the aircraft if no FSTD is available or accessible.

   1d. By way of derogation from point 1c, the training, skill test or proficiency check for class or type ratings for non-complex SPA and for non-complex helicopters may be conducted in a combination of FSTD(s) and the aircraft even if an FFS is available and accessible.

   1e. By way of derogation from point 1c, the training, skill test or proficiency check for any of the following may be conducted in accordance with points 1c(a), (b) or (c), irrespective of the availability and accessibility of FFS or FSTD:

   1. non-complex non-high-performance single-pilot aeroplanes;
   2. TMGs;
   3. non-complex helicopters for which the maximum certified seat configuration does not exceed five seats.

   1f. If FSTDs are used during training, testing or checking, the suitability of the FSTDs used shall be verified against the applicable ‘Table of functions and subjective tests’ and the applicable ‘Table of FSTD validation tests’ contained in the primary reference document applicable for the device used. All restrictions and limitations indicated on the device’s qualification certificate shall be considered.

2. Failure to achieve a pass in all sections of the test in two attempts will require further training.
3. There is no limit to the number of skill tests that may be attempted.

CONTENT OF THE TRAINING/SKILL TEST/PROFICIENCY CHECK

4. Unless otherwise determined in the operational suitability data established in accordance with Annex I (Part-21) to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012 (OSD), the syllabus of flight instruction, the skill test and the proficiency check shall comply with this Appendix. The syllabus, skill test and proficiency check may be reduced to give credit for previous experience on similar aircraft types, as determined in the OSD.
5. Except in the case of skill tests for the issue of an ATPL, when so defined in the OSD for the specific aircraft, credit may be given for skill test items common to other types or variants where the pilots are qualified.

CONDUCT OF THE TEST/CHECK

6. The examiner may choose between different skill test or proficiency check scenarios containing simulated relevant operations. Full-flight simulators and other training devices shall be used, as established in this Annex (Part-FCL).
7. During the proficiency check, the examiner shall verify that holders of the class or type rating maintain an adequate level of theoretical knowledge.
8. Should applicants choose to terminate a skill test for reasons considered inadequate by the examiner, they shall retake the entire skill test. If the test is terminated for reasons considered adequate by the examiner, only those sections not completed shall be tested in a further flight.
9. At the discretion of the examiner, any manoeuvre or procedure of the test may be repeated once by the applicants. The examiner may stop the test at any stage if it is considered that the applicants' demonstration of flying skill requires a complete retest.
10. Applicants shall be required to fly the aircraft from a position where the PIC or co-pilot functions, as relevant, can be performed. Under single-pilot conditions, the test shall be performed as if there was no other crew member present.
11. During preflight preparation for the test, applicants are required to determine power settings and speeds. Applicants shall indicate to the examiner the checks and duties carried out, including the identification of radio facilities. Checks shall be completed in accordance with the checklist for the aircraft on which the test is being taken and, if applicable, with the MCC concept. Performance data for take-off, approach and landing shall be calculated by applicants in compliance with the operations manual or flight manual for the aircraft used. Decision heights/altitudes, minimum descent heights/altitudes and missed approach point shall be agreed upon with the examiner.
12. The examiner shall take no part in the operation of the aircraft except where intervention is necessary in the interests of safety or to avoid unacceptable delay to other traffic.

SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR THE TRAINING, SKILL TEST AND PROFICIENCY CHECK FOR TYPE RATINGS FOR MULTI-PILOT AIRCRAFT, FOR SINGLE-PILOT AIRCRAFT WHEN OPERATED IN MULTI-PILOT OPERATIONS, FOR THE MPL AND FOR THE ATPL

13. The skill test for a multi-pilot aircraft or a single-pilot aircraft when operated in multi-pilot operations shall be performed in a multi-crew environment. Another applicant or another type rated qualified pilot may function as the second pilot. If an aircraft is used, the second pilot shall be the examiner or an instructor.
14. Applicants shall operate as PF during all sections of the skill test, except for abnormal and emergency procedures, which may be conducted as PF or PM in accordance with MCC. Applicants for the initial issue of a multi-pilot aircraft type rating or ATPL shall also demonstrate the ability to act as PM. Applicants may choose either the left-hand or the right-hand seat for the skill test if all items can be executed from the selected seat.
15. The following matters shall be specifically checked by the examiner for applicants for the ATPL or a type rating for multi-pilot aircraft or for multi-pilot operations in a single-pilot aircraft extending to the duties of a PIC, irrespective of whether the applicants act as PF or PM:
    1. managing crew cooperation;
    2. maintaining a general survey of the aircraft operation by appropriate supervision; and
    3. setting priorities and making decisions in accordance with safety aspects and relevant rules and regulations appropriate to the operational situation, including emergencies.
16. The test or check should be accomplished under IFR, if the IR rating is included, and as far as possible be accomplished in a simulated commercial air transport environment. An essential element to be checked is the ability to plan and conduct the flight from routine briefing material.
17. When their type rating course has included less than 2 hours of flight training in the aircraft, applicants shall, before or after the skill test, complete flight training in the aircraft. Such approved flight training shall include take-off and landing manoeuvres and shall be performed by a qualified instructor under the responsibility of:
    1. an ATO; or
    2. an organisation holding an AOC issued in accordance with Annex III (Part-ORO) to Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 and specifically approved for such training; or
    3. the instructor, in cases where no aircraft flight training for SP aircraft at an ATO or AOC holder is approved, and the aircraft flight training was approved by the applicants' competent authority.
       A certificate of completion of the type rating course including the flight training in the aircraft shall be forwarded to the competent authority before the new type rating is entered in the applicants' licence.
18. For the upset recovery training, ‘stall event’ means either an approach-to-stall or a stall. An FFS can be used by the ATO to either train recovery from a stall or demonstrate the type-specific characteristics of a stall, or both, provided that:
    1. the FFS has been qualified in accordance with the special evaluation requirements in CS-FSTD(A); and
    2. the ATO has successfully demonstrated to the competent authority that any negative transfer of training is mitigated.

B. Specific requirements for the aeroplane category

PASS MARKS

1. In the case of single-pilot aeroplanes, with the exception of single-pilot high-performance complex aeroplanes, applicants shall pass all sections of the skill test or proficiency check. Failure in any item of a section will cause applicants to fail the entire section. If they fail only one section, they shall repeat only that section. Failure in more than one section will require applicants to repeat the entire test or check. Failure in any section in the case of a retest or recheck, including those sections that have been passed on a previous attempt, will require applicants to repeat the entire test or check again. For single-pilot multi-engine aeroplanes, Section 6 of the relevant test or check, addressing asymmetric flight, shall be passed.
2. In the case of multi-pilot and single-pilot high-performance complex aeroplanes, applicants shall pass all sections of the skill test or proficiency check. Failure in more than five items will require applicants to take the entire test or check again. Applicants failing five or fewer items shall take the failed items again. Failure in any item on the retest or recheck, including those items that have been passed on a previous attempt, will require applicants to repeat the entire check or test again.

FLIGHT TEST TOLERANCE

3. Applicants shall demonstrate the ability to:
   1. operate the aeroplane within its limitations;
   2. complete all manoeuvres with smoothness and accuracy;
   3. exercise good judgement and airmanship;
   4. apply aeronautical knowledge;
   5. maintain control of the aeroplane at all times in such a manner that the successful outcome of a procedure or manoeuvre is never in doubt;
   6. understand and apply crew coordination and incapacitation procedures, if applicable; and
   7. communicate effectively with the other crew members, if applicable.
4. The following limits shall apply, corrected to make allowance for turbulent conditions and the handling qualities and performance of the aeroplane used:
   • Height
     • Generally: ± 100 ft
     • Starting a go-around at decision height/altitude: + 50 ft/– 0 ft
     • Minimum descent height/MAPt/altitude: + 50 ft/– 0 ft
   • Tracking
     • On radio aids: ±5°
     • For ‘angular’ deviations: Half-scale deflection, azimuth and glide path (e.g. LPV, ILS, MLS, GLS)
     • 2D (LNAV) and 3D (LNAV/VNAV) ‘linear’ lateral deviations: cross-track error/deviation shall normally be limited to ± ½ of the RNP value associated with the procedure. Brief deviations from this standard up to a maximum of one time the RNP value are allowable.
     • 3D linear vertical deviations (e.g. RNP APCH (LNAV/VNAV) using BaroVNAV): not more than – 75 ft below the vertical profile at any time, and not more than + 75 ft above the vertical profile at or below 1 000 ft above aerodrome level.
   • Heading
     • all engines operating: ± 5°
     • with simulated engine failure: ± 10°
   • Speed
     • all engines operating: ± 5 knots
     • with simulated engine failure: + 10 knots/– 5 knots

CONTENT OF THE TRAINING/SKILL TEST/PROFICIENCY CHECK

5. Single-pilot aeroplanes, except for high performance complex aeroplanes
   1. The following symbols mean:
      • P = Trained as PIC or co-pilot and as PF and PM
      • OTD = Other training devices may be used for this exercise
      • X = An FFS shall be used for this exercise; otherwise, an aeroplane shall be used if appropriate for the manoeuvre or procedure
      • P# = The training shall be complemented by supervised aeroplane inspection
   2. The practical training shall be conducted at least at the training equipment level shown as (P), or may be conducted on any higher level of equipment shown by the arrow (---->).
      The following abbreviations are used to indicate the training equipment used:
      • A = aeroplane
      • FFS = full-flight simulator
      • FSTD = flight simulation training device
   3. The starred (*) items of Section 3B and, for multi-engine, Section 6, shall be flown solely by reference to instruments if revalidation/renewal of an IR is included in the skill test or proficiency check. If the starred (*) items are not flown solely by reference to instruments during the skill test or proficiency check, and when there is no crediting of IR privileges, the class or type rating will be restricted to VFR only.
   4. Section 3A shall be completed to revalidate a type or multi-engine class rating, VFR only, where the required experience of 10 route sectors within the previous 12 months has not been completed. Section 3A is not required if Section 3B is completed.
   5. Where the letter ‘M’ appears in the skill test or proficiency check column, this will indicate a mandatory exercise or a choice where more than one exercise appears.
   6. An FSTD shall be used for practical training for type or ME class ratings if they form part of an approved class or type rating course. The following considerations will apply to the approval of the course:
      1. the qualification of the FSTD as set out in the relevant requirements of Annex VI (Part-ARA) and Annex VII (Part-ORA);
      2. the qualifications of the instructors;
      3. the amount of FSTD training provided on the course; and
      4. the qualifications and previous experience on similar types of the pilots under training.
   7. If privileges for multi-pilot operation are sought for the first time, pilots holding privileges for single-pilot operations shall:
      1. complete a bridge course containing manoeuvres and procedures including MCC as well as the exercises of Section 7 using threat and error management (TEM), CRM and human factors at an ATO; and
      2. pass a proficiency check in multi-pilot operations.
   8. If privileges for single-pilot operations are sought for the first time, pilots holding privileges for multi-pilot operations shall be trained at an ATO and checked for the following additional manoeuvres and procedures in single-pilot operations:
      1. for SE aeroplanes, 1.6, 4.5, 4.6, 5.2 and, if applicable, one approach from Section 3.B;and
      2. for ME aeroplanes, 1.6, Section 6 and, if applicable, one approach from Section 3.B.
   9. Pilots holding privileges for both single-pilot and multi-pilot operations in accordance with points (g) and (h) may revalidate privileges for both types of operations by completing a proficiency check in multi-pilot operations in addition to the exercises referred to in points (h)(1) or (h)(2), as applicable, in single-pilot operations.
   10. If a skill test or a proficiency check is completed in multi-pilot operations only, the type rating shall be restricted to multi-pilot operations. The restriction shall be removed when pilots comply with point (h).
   11. The training, testing and checking shall follow the table mentioned below.
       1. Training at an ATO, testing and checking requirements for single-pilot privileges
       2. Training at an ATO, testing and checking requirements for multi-pilot privileges
       3. Training at an ATO, testing and checking requirements for pilots holding single-pilot privileges seeking multi-pilot privileges for the first time (bridge course)
       4. Training at an ATO, testing and checking requirements for pilots holding multi-pilot privileges seeking single-pilot privileges for the first time (bridge course)
       5. Training at an ATO and checking requirements for combined revalidation and renewal of single and multi-pilot privileges
   12. To establish or maintain PBN privileges, one approach shall be an RNP APCH. Where an RNP APCH is not practicable, it shall be performed in an appropriately equipped FSTD.
       By way of derogation from the subparagraph above, in cases where a proficiency check for revalidation of PBN privileges does not include an RNP APCH exercise, the PBN privileges of the pilot shall not include RNP APCH. The restriction shall be lifted if the pilot has completed a proficiency check including an RNP APCH exercise.

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Revalidation and renewal of type ratings, and revalidation and renewal of IRs when combined with the revalidation or renewal of type ratings – EBT practical assessment - Regulation (EU) 2020/2193

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