Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 AIRCREW : Pilot Licenses
Revision from November 2025
- EASA - AIRCREW :
- FRANCE :
TABLE OF CONTENT
SECTION 1 – COMMON REQUIREMENTS
FCL.1000 Examiner certificates - Regulation (EU) 2019/1747
- General. Holders of an examiner certificate shall:
- hold, unless otherwise determined in this Annex, an equivalent licence, rating or
certificate to the ones for which they are authorised to conduct skill tests,
proficiency checks or assessments of competence and the privilege to instruct for
them;
- be qualified to act as PIC in the aircraft during a skill test, proficiency check
or assessment of competence if conducted on the aircraft.
- Special conditions:
- The competent authority may issue a specific certificate granting privileges for
the conduct of skill tests, proficiency checks and assessments of competence if
compliance with the requirements established in this Subpart is not possible
because of the introduction of any of the following:
- new aircraft in the Member States or in an operator's fleet;
- new training courses in this Annex.
Such a certificate shall be limited to the skill tests, proficiency checks and
assessments of competence necessary for the introduction of the new type of
aircraft or the new training course and its validity shall not, in any case,
exceed 1 year.
- Holders of a certificate issued in accordance with point (b)(1) who wish to apply
for an examiner certificate shall comply with the prerequisites and revalidation
requirements for that category of examiner certificate.
- Where no qualified examiner is available, competent authorities may, on a
case-by-case basis, authorise inspectors or examiners who do not meet the relevant
instructor, type or class rating requirements as specified in (a), to perform
skill tests, proficiency checks and assessments of competence.
- Examination provided outside the territory of the Member States:
- By way of derogation from point (a), in the case of skill tests and proficiency
checks provided outside the territory for which Member States are responsible
under the Chicago Convention, the competent authority shall issue an examiner
certificate to applicants holding a pilot licence that is compliant with Annex 1
to the Chicago Convention, provided that those applicants:
- hold at least an equivalent licence, rating, or certificate to the one for
which they are authorised to conduct skill tests, proficiency checks or
assessments of competence, and in any case at least a CPL;
- are qualified to act as PIC in the aircraft during a skill test or
proficiency check that is conducted in the aircraft;
- comply with the requirements established in this Subpart for the issue of
the relevant examiner certificate; and
- demonstrate to the competent authority an adequate level of knowledge of
European aviation safety rules to be able to exercise examiner privileges
in accordance with this Annex.
- The certificate referred to in point (1) shall be limited to performing skill
tests and proficiency checks:
- outside the territories for which the Member States are responsible under
the Chicago Convention; and
- to pilots who have sufficient knowledge of the language in which the
test/check is given.
FCL.1005 Limitation of privileges in case of vested interests - Regulation (EU) 2019/1747
Examiners shall not conduct:
- skill tests or assessments of competence of applicants for the issue of a licence, rating
or certificate to whom they have provided more than 25 % of the required flight
instruction for the licence, rating or certificate for which the skill test or assessment
of competence is being taken; and
- skill tests, proficiency checks or assessments of competence whenever they feel that
their objectivity may be affected.
FCL.1010 Prerequisites for examiners - Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011
Applicants for an examiner certificate shall demonstrate:
- relevant knowledge, background and appropriate experience related to the privileges of an
examiner;
- that they have not been subject to any sanctions, including the suspension, limitation or
revocation of any of their licences, ratings or certificates issued in accordance with
this Part, for non-compliance with the Basic Regulation and its Implementing Rules during
the last 3 years.
FCL.1015 Examiner standardisation - Regulation (EU) 2020/2193
- An applicant for an examiner certificate shall undertake a standardisation course which
is provided by the competent authority or which is provided by an ATO and approved by
the competent authority.
- The standardisation course shall consist of theoretical and practical instruction and
shall include, at least:
- the conduct of 2 skill tests, proficiency checks or assessments of competences
for the licences, ratings or certificates for which the applicant seeks the
privilege to conduct tests and checks;
- instruction on the applicable requirements in this part and the applicable air
operations requirements, the conduct of skill tests, proficiency checks and
assessments of competence, and their documentation and reporting;
- a briefing on the national administrative procedures, requirements for protection
of personal data, liability, accident insurance and fees;
- a briefing on the need to review and apply the items in (3) when conducting skill
tests, proficiency checks or assessments of competence of an applicant for which
the competent authority is not the same that issued the examiner's certificate;
and
- an instruction on how to get access to these national procedures and requirements
of other competent authorities when needed.
- Holders of an examiners certificate shall not conduct skill tests, proficiency checks or
assessments of competence of an applicant for which the competent authority is not the
same that issued the examiner's certificate, unless they have reviewed the latest
available information containing the relevant national procedures of the applicant's
competent authority.
FCL.1020 Examiners assessment of competence - Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011
Applicants for an examiner certificate shall demonstrate their competence to an inspector from
the competent authority or a senior examiner specifically authorised to do so by the competent
authority responsible for the examiner's certificate through the conduct of a skill test,
proficiency check or assessment of competence in the examiner role for which privileges are
sought, including briefing, conduct of the skill test, proficiency check or assessment of
competence, and assessment of the person to whom the test, check or assessment is given,
debriefing and recording documentation.
FCL.1025 Validity, revalidation and renewal of examiner certificates - Regulation (EU) 2020/2193
- Validity. An examiner certificate shall be valid for 3 years.
- Revalidation. To revalidate an examiner certificate, holders shall comply with all of
the following conditions:
- before the expiry date of the certificate, have conducted at least six skill
tests, proficiency checks, assessments of competence, or EBT evaluation phases
during an EBT module referred to in point ORO.FC.231 of Annex III (Part-ORO) to
Regulation (EU) No 965/2012;
- in the period of 12 months immediately preceding the expiry date of the
certificate, have completed an examiner refresher course which is provided by the
competent authority or which is provided by an ATO and approved by the competent
authority;
- one of the skill tests, proficiency checks, assessments of competence or EBT
evaluation phases conducted in accordance with point (1) shall take place in the
period of 12 months immediately preceding the expiry date of the examiner
certificate and shall:
- have been assessed by an inspector from the competent authority or by a
senior examiner specifically authorised to do so by the competent
authority responsible for the examiner certificate; or
- comply with the requirements in point FCL.1020.
If applicants for the revalidation hold privileges for more than one category of examiner,
all examiner privileges may be revalidated if applicants comply with the requirements
laid down in points (b)(1) and (2) and point FCL.1020 for one of the categories of
examiner certificates held, in agreement with the competent authority.
- Renewal. If the certificate has expired, before resuming the exercise of the privileges,
the applicants shall comply with the requirements in point (b)(2) and point FCL.1020 in
the period of 12 months immediately preceding the application for the renewal.
- An examiner certificate shall only be revalidated or renewed if applicants demonstrate
continued compliance with the requirements laid down in points FCL.1010 and FCL.1030.
FCL.1030 Conduct of skill tests, proficiency checks and assessments of competence - Regulation (EU) No 245/2014
- When conducting skill tests, proficiency checks and assessments of competence, examiners
shall:
- ensure that communication with the applicant can be established without language
barriers;
- verify that the applicant complies with all the qualification, training and
experience requirements in this Part for the issue, revalidation or renewal of
the licence, rating or certificate for which the skill test, proficiency check or
assessment of competence is taken;
- make the applicant aware of the consequences of providing incomplete, inaccurate
or false information related to their training and flight experience.
- After completion of the skill test or proficiency check, the examiner shall:
- inform the applicant of the result of the test. In the event of a partial pass or
fail, the examiner shall inform the applicant that he/she may not exercise the
privileges of the rating until a full pass has been obtained. The examiner shall
detail any further training requirement and explain the applicant's right of
appeal;
- in the event of a pass in a proficiency check or assessment of competence for
revalidation or renewal, endorse the applicant's licence or certificate with the
new expiry date of the rating or certificate, if specifically authorised for that
purpose by the competent authority responsible for the applicant's licence;
- provide the applicant with a signed report of the skill test or proficiency check
and submit without delay copies of the report to the competent authority
responsible for the applicant's licence, and to the competent authority that
issued the examiner certificate. The report shall include:
- a declaration that the examiner has received information from the
applicant regarding his/her experience and instruction, and found that
experience and instruction complying with the applicable requirements in
this Part;
- confirmation that all the required manoeuvres and exercises have been
completed, as well as information on the verbal theoretical knowledge
examination, when applicable. If an item has been failed, the examiner
shall record the reasons for this assessment;
- the result of the test, check or assessment of competence;
- a declaration that the examiner has reviewed and applied the national
procedures and requirements of the applicant's competent authority if the
competent authority responsible for the applicant's licence is not the
same that issued the examiner's certificate;
- a copy of the examiner certificate containing the scope of his/her
privileges as examiner in the case of skill tests, proficiency checks or
assessments of competence of an applicant for which the competent
authority is not the same that issued the examiner's certificate.
- Examiners shall maintain records for 5 years with details of all skill tests, proficiency
checks and assessments of competence performed and their results.
- Upon request by the competent authority responsible for the examiner certificate, or the
competent authority responsible for the applicant's licence, examiners shall submit all
records and reports, and any other information, as required for oversight activities.
SECTION 2 – SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR FLIGHT EXAMINERS – FE
FCL.1005.FE FE – Privileges and conditions - Regulation (EU) 2025/134
- FE(A). The privileges of an FE for aeroplanes are to conduct:
- skill tests for the issue of the PPL(A) and skill tests and proficiency checks
for associated single-pilot class and type ratings, except for single-pilot high
performance complex aeroplanes, provided that the examiner has completed at least
1 000 hours of flight time as a pilot on aeroplanes or TMGs, including at least
250 hours of flight instruction;
- skill tests for the issue of the CPL(A) and skill tests and proficiency checks
for the associated single-pilot class and type ratings, except for single-pilot
high performance complex aeroplanes, provided that the examiner has completed at
least 2 000 hours of flight time as a pilot on aeroplanes or TMGs, including at
least 250 hours of flight instruction;
- skill tests and proficiency checks for the LAPL(A), provided that the examiner
has completed at least 500 hours of flight time as a pilot on aeroplanes or TMGs,
including at least 100 hours of flight instruction;
- skill tests for the issue of a mountain rating, provided that the examiner has
completed at least 500 hours of flight time as a pilot on aeroplanes or TMGs,
including at least 500 take-offs and landings of flight instruction for the
mountain rating;
- proficiency checks for the revalidation and renewal of EIRs, provided that the
FE has completed at least 1 500 hours as a pilot on aeroplanes and complies with
the requirements in FCL.1010.IRE(a)(2).
- FE(H). The privileges of an FE for helicopters are to conduct:
- skill tests for the issue of the PPL(H) and skill tests and proficiency checks
for single-pilot single-engine helicopter type ratings entered in a PPL(H),
provided that the examiner has completed 1 000 hours of flight time as a pilot on
helicopters, including at least 250 hours of flight instruction;
- skill tests for the issue of the CPL(H) and skill tests and proficiency checks
for single-pilot single-engine helicopter type ratings entered in a CPL(H),
provided the examiner has completed 2 000 hours of flight time as pilot on
helicopters, including at least 250 hours of flight instruction;
- skill tests and proficiency checks for single-pilot multi-engine helicopter type
ratings entered in a PPL(H) or a CPL(H), provided the examiner has completed the
requirements in (1) or (2), as applicable, and holds a CPL(H) or ATPL(H) and,
when applicable, an IR(H);
- skill tests and proficiency checks for the LAPL(H), provided that the examiner
has completed at least 500 hours of flight time as a pilot on helicopters,
including at least 150 hours of flight instruction.
- FE(As). The privileges of an FE for airships are to conduct skill tests for the issue of
the PPL(As) and CPL(As) and skill tests and proficiency checks for the associated airship
type ratings, provided that the examiner has completed 500 hours of flight time as a
pilot on airships, including 100 hours of flight instruction.
- FE(G). The privileges of an FE for gyroplanes are to conduct skill tests and proficiency
checks for the GPL and for associated privileges for gyroplane classes and types, provided
that the FE has completed at least 500 hours of flight time as a pilot on gyroplanes,
including at least 100 hours of flight instruction, of which up to 40 hours may be flight
instruction conducted as FI(A) or FI(H).
FCL.1010.FE FE – Prerequisites - Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011
An applicant for an FE certificate shall hold an FI certificate in the appropriate aircraft
category.
SECTION 3 – SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR TYPE RATING EXAMINERS – TRE
FCL.1005.TRE TRE – Privileges and conditions - Regulation (EU) 2021/2227
- TRE(A) and TRE(PL). The privileges of a TRE for aeroplanes or powered-lift aircraft are
to conduct:
- skill tests for the initial issue of type ratings for aeroplanes or powered-lift
aircraft, as applicable;
- proficiency checks for the revalidation or renewal of type ratings and IRs;
- skill tests for ATPL(A) issue;
- skill tests for MPL issue, provided that the examiner has complied with the
requirements in FCL.925;
- assessments of competence for the issue, revalidation or renewal of a TRI or SFI
certificates in the applicable aircraft category, provided that they have
completed at least 3 years as a TRE and have undergone specific training for the
assessment of competence in accordance with point FCL.1015(b).
- TRE(H). The privileges of a TRE(H) are to conduct:
- skill tests and proficiency checks for the issue, revalidation or renewal of
helicopter type ratings;
- proficiency checks for the revalidation or renewal of IRs, provided the TRE(H)
holds a valid IR(H);
- skill tests for ATPL(H) issue;
- assessments of competence for the issue, revalidation or renewal of a TRI(H) or
SFI(H) certificates, provided that they have completed at least 3 years as a TRE
and have undergone specific training for the assessment of competence in
accordance with point FCL.1015(b).
Pour les articles FCL.1010.TRE, consulter le
site de l'EASA
( Easy Access )
SECTION 4 – SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR CLASS RATING EXAMINERS – CRE
Consulter le
site de l'EASA
( Easy Access ) pour les articles FCL.1005.CRE et FCL.1010.CRE.
SECTION 5 – SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR INSTRUMENT RATING EXAMINERS – IRE
Consulter le
site de l'EASA
( Easy Access ) pour les articles FCL.1005.IRE et FCL.1010.IRE.
SECTION 6 – SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR SYNTHETIC FLIGHT EXAMINERS – SFE
Consulter le
site de l'EASA
( Easy Access ) pour les articles FCL.1005.SFE et FCL.1010.SFE.
SECTION 7 – SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR EXAMINERS – FIE
Consulter le
site de l'EASA
( Easy Access ) pour les articles FCL.1005.FIE et FCL.1010.FIE.
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